242 papers
Infectious diseases represent one of the most dynamic frontiers in global health, covering everything from seasonal flu outbreaks to emerging viral threats that cross borders. This field focuses on how pathogens spread, how our immune systems respond, and the strategies scientists use to stop infections before they become epidemics. Because the science moves fast, waiting for traditional publication often means missing critical insights that could save lives.
At Gist.Science, we process every new preprint in this category directly from medRxiv to ensure you see the latest findings the moment they appear. Our team transforms these raw studies into both accessible plain-language explanations and detailed technical summaries, bridging the gap between complex research and public understanding. Below are the latest papers in infectious diseases, updated daily with fresh insights from the global research community.
In a retrospective matched cohort study of US insured adults during the 2024–2025 season, the mRNA-based vaccine mRNA-1273 demonstrated significantly greater effectiveness against medically attended COVID-19 and hospitalization compared to the protein-based NVX-CoV2705 vaccine.
This study evaluated human exposure to *Anopheles* mosquito vectors in Grand Anse, Haiti, by quantifying IgG antibody responses to subgenus-specific salivary peptides, revealing significant age-related differences, associations with *Plasmodium* infection, and the utility of these biomarkers for characterizing vector exposure dynamics in low-transmission settings.
Myasthenia gravis patients, particularly those with thymoma, exhibit a significantly elevated risk of producing type I interferon autoantibodies, which in turn drastically increases their likelihood of developing life-threatening hypoxemic COVID-19 pneumonia.
During the severe 2024–2025 influenza season in the United States, vaccination significantly reduced the risk of influenza A-associated hospitalization and severe in-hospital outcomes, including ICU admission and death, among adults.
This systematic review of 64 post-licensure vaccine studies in sub-Saharan Africa reveals that none accounted for concurrent public health and social measures, highlighting a critical gap in study design that may compromise the interpretability of vaccine effectiveness estimates, particularly for pathogens like pneumococcus where results showed substantial heterogeneity.
This study demonstrates that the Pluslife Biotech RHAM assay is a rapid, extraction-free, point-of-care molecular test capable of detecting all monkeypox virus clades with high sensitivity and specificity across diverse clinical specimens, offering a practical solution for outbreak control in resource-limited settings.
A 2024 mixed-methods study in southern Mozambique reveals that 77% of adults and adolescents are willing to receive a new tuberculosis vaccine, with adolescents showing significantly higher willingness than adults and overall uptake likely to be high if the vaccine is endorsed by trusted authorities.
This paper argues that the conventional threshold for epidemic stability is often misleading due to population heterogeneity and proposes the alternative statistic as a more robust and meaningful real-time indicator for distinguishing between epidemic growth and control.
This study identifies specific *Klebsiella pneumoniae* proteins that elicit protective antibody responses in mothers and neonates, supporting the further development of a maternally administered protein-based vaccine to prevent neonatal sepsis in sub-Saharan Africa.
This study demonstrates that by analyzing routine surveillance data from the 2022-2023 cholera outbreak in Malawi using an EpiEstim framework adjusted for WASH interventions, researchers successfully estimated that oral cholera vaccination contributed to a substantial reduction in transmission, achieving an adjusted effectiveness of approximately 62%.